How the SSA Defines a Disability

To qualify for either Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI), your condition must:

• Be medically determinable
• Prevent you from working at a substantial level
• Last or be expected to last at least 12 months or result in death

The SSA maintains a Listing of Impairments, often called the "Blue Book," which outlines conditions that may automatically qualify if specific criteria are met.

Common Disabilities That May Qualify

Here are some of the major categories of disabilities that may qualify for benefits:

• Musculoskeletal disorders: Back injuries, arthritis, herniated discs
• Mental health conditions: Depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia
• Neurological disorders: Epilepsy, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease
• Cardiovascular conditions: Congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease
• Respiratory conditions: COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis
• Immune system disorders: Lupus, HIV/AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis
• Cancers: Various types, especially those requiring aggressive treatment or with poor prognosis
• Sensory impairments: Blindness or hearing loss

Meeting vs. Equaling a Listing

If your condition exactly meets the criteria in the SSA's listings, you may qualify automatically. However, many applicants are approved by showing their condition is “functionally equivalent” to a listed disability or that it significantly limits their ability to work even if it’s not listed.

Medical Documentation Is Critical

To prove your disability, you’ll need comprehensive medical records such as:

• Doctor’s evaluations and clinical notes
• Imaging and test results (e.g., MRIs, blood work, X-rays)
• Statements from treating physicians outlining your work limitations
• Psychological evaluations (if applicable)

Without strong documentation, the SSA is likely to deny your claim—even if your condition is severe.